What is peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a condition characterized by open sores or ulcers that develop on the lining of the stomach, upper small intestine (duodenum), or esophagus. These ulcers are usually caused by the erosion of the protective lining of the digestive tract when the balance between digestive fluids and the protective mechanisms of the stomach and intestines is disrupted.

Causes of peptic ulcer disease

The most common causes of PUD include infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria, long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking.

Symptoms of peptic ulcer disease

Symptoms of PUD may vary, but common signs include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and black or bloody stools.

Diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease

Diagnosis is usually done through an endoscopy, where a camera is inserted into the digestive tract to visualize the ulcers, or through tests to detect H. pylori infection.

Treatment options for peptic ulcer disease

Treatment may involve antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori, medications to reduce stomach acid production, and in severe cases, surgery to repair complications.

Managing and preventing peptic ulcer disease

Managing PUD involves avoiding triggers like NSAIDs, quitting smoking, and reducing alcohol intake. Eating a healthy diet, managing stress, and taking prescribed medications as directed can help prevent ulcers from recurring.

Overall, understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for peptic ulcer disease is crucial in managing and preventing this condition and maintaining good digestive health.